![]() ![]() The neural and peripheral arcs can be regarded as the controller and the plant of the arterial baroreflex system, respectively. The other is the peripheral arc subsystem, which defines the relationship between SNA and AP. One is the neural arc subsystem, which defines the relationship between a baroreceptor pressure input and efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). When we focus on sympathetic AP controls, the arterial baroreflex system can be divided into two principal subsystems ( Ikeda et al., 1996). Identifying the dynamic characteristics of the arterial baroreflex system is essential to understand the homeostasis of AP in daily activities. The arterial baroreflex system is one of the most important negative feedback systems that stabilize arterial pressure (AP). A priori knowledge about the open-loop dynamic characteristics of the arterial baroreflex system may be used to advance the assessment of baroreflex function under closed-loop conditions in the future. In the closed-loop identification, properties of the unknown central noise that modulated the sympathetic nerve activity and the unknown peripheral noise that fluctuated AP affected the accuracy of the estimation results. To facilitate the understanding of the analytical method, sample data files and sample analytical codes were provided. This article compares the results of an open-loop analysis applied to open-loop data, an open-loop analysis erroneously applied to closed-loop data, and a closed-loop analysis applied to closed-loop data. Regarding sympathetic AP controls, we examined the applicability of a nonparametric frequency-domain closed-loop identification method to the carotid sinus baroreflex system in anesthetized rabbits. This closed-loop negative feedback operation makes it difficult to identify open-loop dynamic characteristics of the neural and peripheral arcs. Changes in AP affect autonomic nervous activities through the baroreflex neural arc, whereas changes in the autonomic nervous activities, in turn, alter AP through the baroreflex peripheral arc. ![]() The arterial baroreflex system plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of arterial pressure (AP). ![]()
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